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RBM Foam Concrete Wall & Columns
16 How to spiral in a concrete
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Precast Prestressed Concrete (Fall 2006) - Part 1
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วันเสาร์ที่ 31 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Installing Hardwood Flooring Over Concrete and Wood Sub Floors
Expansion & Contraction of Hardwood Flooring
"The flooring shop said to leave 10mm for solid wood floor expansion at the walls...now the boards are lifting off the floor." Ill informed advice like this often leads to floor problems. Many flooring sales people unfamiliar with solid wood flooring assume expansion is the same as laminate flooring. In reality that 10mm is not enough for solid wood flooring.
What Is An Expansion Area? Why Do We Need It?
Expansion areas are spaces left around the perimeter of rooms, against fixed objects such as columns, thresholds, hearths, skirting boards, and other stationary items built or secured into the framing structure of the home. Even though Hardwood flooring used is no longer living and breathing it still reacts to moisture changes in the environment. The cells in the solid wood will take on or absorb moisture when the relative humidity is high, or when exposed to water. Expansion takes place, and the hardwood grows, for lack of a clearer term, across the grain (width) of the plank (see below, not all will react this way). Conversely when air moisture levels decrease, moisture content evaporates, shrinking of the solid wood will occur.
When we say spaces, they are defined as installing the hardwood flooring up to and away from the fixed objects. For example; "we recommend at least 15mm small to medium area-18mm expansion on larger areas at the skirting board or wall if new skirting to be fitted."
Hardwood flooring can react to the presence of moisture. In the dry winter heating months, moisture can leave the wood flooring causing the floor to contract slightly in size, which can leave slight gaps between each floor board. In the summer months when the humidity is higher, the hardwood flooring will expand and the gaps will disappear. If there is too much moisture in the subfloor it will cause the wood planks to cup, or buckle. Nearly all problems related to hardwood flooring are due to improper installation and sub floor preparation. This is why it is important when installing hardwood flooring that you follow the correct recommended installation methods by the manufacturer.
Direct Glue Installations
A direct glue installation requires the use of a flooring adhesive applied directly onto the subfloor (never directly apply to the boards). This method can be used on concrete and wooden subfloors. When done correctly this is the most stable method for fitting solid wood flooring as the elastic flooring adhesive allows the floor to expand and contract with no problems.
If you are laying over a concrete subfloor you will first need checked the concrete moisture, if the floor has a moisture content of over 4% then either wait until the sub floor dries to meet this level or use an appropriate moisture barrier, we recommend Sika Mb Primer to ensure no damp rises up into your new floor.
Also note that new concrete slabs require a minimum of 60 days drying time before covering them with a wood floor.
All Concrete sub-floors must be dry, smooth, level and free of structural defects. If the concrete sub floor is uneven we recommend using sika latex self leveling compound to level the subfloor. The concrete must also be free of contaminants i.e. paint, oil, wax grease, dirt and curing compounds (the reason for this is that you need the self leveling compound to bond to the sub floor).These may be removed chemically or mechanically as your local hardware store and they will sell you the correct floor cleaner, but do not use solvent-based strippers under any circumstances. The use of residual solvents can create problems with the bonding of flooring adhesives. It is important to ensure a proper bond between the adhesives and concrete and wood panels.
If you have a wooden subfloor you will need to lay a plywood base over the existing floor boards (we recommend using 4mm -6mm exterior grade plywood and screw down every 15cm along the edges and at 20cm intervals throughout the rest of the board using the 1 inch deck screws) before installation, this will then give you a smooth and level surface for you to install you hardwood flooring onto.
You will need to leave a 15mm expansion gap around the perimeter of the room for large areas over 6 meters in length we recommend 18mm expansion gap. To maintain this gap during installation spacers are provided in the kits. After you have installed the hardwood floor you can cover this expansion gap with scotia or new skirting boards The 15mm expansion gap also needs to be left in doorways where the hardwood floor follows through from one room to another we sell on this website a full range of door profiles available to match your floor.
Nailed Down Installations
Nailed down installation is the traditional way to install hardwood floors and can be done either directly onto wooden subfloor or on a concrete subfloor with the use of battens. When fixing battens onto concrete you will need a power-actuated nailer to drive through the battens and fix directly into the concrete, firstly lay out polyethylene moisture sheet then plywood over the battens to create a new sub floor. We recommend 12mm exterior grade plywood and 2inch x 4inch battens. Lay battens around perimeter at ½ inch from the wall, leave ¼ inch gap at each end. Position the first batten so its centre is 16 inches from the outside edge of the perimeter batten. Lay out the remaining battens across the area 16 inch intervals. Always check you battens are level using a level gauge you may need to use cedar shims to level out dips in the concrete, slide the shims under the battens until level. (If in doubt we recommend consulting a professional fitter for this method).
Wooden Subfloor
Hardwood floors can be nailed into existing wooden subfloors such as floorboards or plywood but not into chipboard floors as these are not strong enough to hold the nails. The floorboards must be in good condition and level if not it is advisable to lay 6mm exterior grade plywood down first.
To avoid creaking, check over the subfloor and securely fasten any loose floorboards. For added soundproofing it is also advisable to use a standard foam underlay.
When you nail down a solid wood floor you use a Porta Nailer to drive a nail at a 30 degree angle through the tongue and into the subfloor. Porta Nailers can be hired from any good hire shop but are expensive to buy.
Again you will need to leave a 15mm expansion gap around the perimeter of the room. To maintain this gap during installation spacers are provided in the installation kits.
After you have installed the floor you can cover this expansion gap with scotia or new skirting boards.The 15mm expansion gap also needs to be left in doorways where the floor follows through from one room to another; we sell full range of door profiles available to match your floor on this website.
WASTAGE
When ordering your new floor we recommend you allow for some wastage due to cuts a professional fitter would add on an extra 2%-5% of flooring needed to finish a job. We recommend non professional fitter should add on 5%-10%.
for futher information visit our website where you can also buy the wood flooring online at http://www.ukflooring4less.co.uk/
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 29 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Advance Concrete RBS - Lesson 4 How to administer a accretion band-aid to a agnate model
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GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS-CRESCO CONCRETE PRODUCTS LLC,
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WALL PLATE TO CONCRETE THE START TO BUILDING BASEMENT WALLS
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High Strength Concrete Compression Test
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Precast Prestressed Concrete (9/15/2010) - Part 6
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Revit Structure - Modeling Concrete Columns, Beams, and Floor Slabs
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EzyTube Wrap - Concrete Column Formwork
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Glass Fiber Reinforcement Concrete
The main reason why many people prefer GFRC is that it has high moisture resistant. This implies that it does not disintegrate when exposed to water. This makes it suitable for underwater application, for it does not swell when submerged in water. GFRC has compressive strength to withstand heavy weights. GFRC provides a fine furnished product. GFRC is has more strength and it does not need any other kinds of reinforcement. GFRC does not crack easily. It can be cut into different sizes or shapes without chipping. Glass fiber reinforcement concrete has no durability problems. GFRC consist a mixture of low alkaline cements and pozzolans, which enhances durability. GFRC is more durable than other stones.
Glass fiber reinforcement concrete has higher flexibility. It has a wide range of flexibility making it suitable producing different architectural styles and features. GFRC can match many appearance features enabling production of shapes that are easy to fix.
GFRC offers cost effective means of building. GFRC reduces structural and foundation costs and reduce chances of renovation. Many people are using GFRC because it requires low maintenance. GFRC solves economical problems to many users by reducing transport and maintenance costs. They also enable easy thermal expansion. Glass fiber reinforcement concrete has high vapor permeability, which helps to prevent cracking. GFRC and precast concrete has high resistance and it is environmental friendly (uses some refined materials).
Many people use cast stone to replace naturally cut stones, in masonry and architectural applications. Cast stone has higher flexibility of customization. Cast stone is flexible to many designs. This makes it suitable for building conices, facades, copings, decorative wall brands and many others. It is also available in many color palettes and texture. Production of cast stone is faster than cut stone. Cast stone is usually durable than cut or lime stone. Cast stone provides economical solutions and is environmental friendly. Cast stone are easy to fix and does not require much labor.
Precast concrete can be either hollow or solid. Precast concrete provides smooth furnish that and sometimes plastering is not necessary. Precast concrete has high resistance to different weather conditions. The production of cast stone is faster and less labor is required. It is easier to make many copies using the same mold type.
This is through maximizing the number of repetition. Precast concrete applications include engraving, rock salt finish, poured reintaing walls, overlays and many more. Precast concrete is easy and fast to fix and does not require high maintenance.
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DECORATIVE CONCRETE IN HISTORIC CHARLESTON SC
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Concrete Walls
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DESIGN DECODER - 2Stone Designer Concrete
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